# Factorization of Analytic Functions by means of Koenig's Theorem and Toeplitz Computations

Bini, D. A. and Gemignani, Luca and Meini, B. (1998) Factorization of Analytic Functions by means of Koenig's Theorem and Toeplitz Computations. Technical Report del Dipartimento di Informatica . Università di Pisa, Pisa, IT.

By providing a matrix version of Koenig's theorem we reduce the problem of evaluating the coefficients of a monic factor $r(z)$ of degree $h$ of a power series $f(z)$ to that of approximating the first $h$ entries in the first row of the inverse of an infinite Toeplitz matrix in block Hessenberg form. This matrix is reduced to a band matrix if $f(z)$ is a polynomial. We devise a suitable algorithm, based on cyclic reduction and on the concept of displacement rank, for generating a sequence of vectors $\B v^{(2^j)}$ that quadratically converges to the vector $\B v$ having as components the coefficients of the factor $r(z)$. In the case of a polynomial $f(z)$ of degree $N$, the cost of computing the entries of $\B v^{(2^j)}$ given $\B v^{(2^{j-1})}$ is $O(N\log N+\theta(N))$, where $\theta(N)$ is the cost of solving an $N\times N$ Toeplitz-like system. In the case of analytic functions the cost depends on the numerical degree of the power series involved in the computation. The algorithm is strictly related to the Graeffe method for lifting the roots of a polynomial. From the numerical experiments performed with several test polynomials and power series, the algorithm has shown good numerical properties and promises to be a good candidate for implementing polynomial rootfinders based on recursive splitting